1. The History and Heritage of Old Town Albuquerque
Old Town Albuquerque, nestled in the heart of the city, is a
living testament to the rich history and vibrant cultural heritage of New
Mexico. Stepping into this historic district is like taking a journey back in
time, where adobe buildings, cobblestone streets, and centuries-old traditions
still thrive. In this article, we'll delve into the captivating history and
heritage of Old Town Albuquerque, a place where Native American, Hispanic, and
Anglo influences converge to create a unique tapestry of culture and tradition.
A Tapestry of Cultures: Native American Roots
Long before Albuquerque NM became a Spanish colonial town, the
area was inhabited by various Native American groups, including the Pueblo
people. The Tiwa-speaking Puebloans were the first to settle in the Rio Grande
Valley, and they established several villages in the vicinity. One such
village, known as "Alvarado," was situated close to the present-day
location of Old Town.
The Native American presence in the region is still strongly
felt today, as many of Albuquerque's Pueblo communities maintain their
ancestral traditions, crafts, and ceremonies. Visitors to Old Town have the
opportunity to explore Native American art galleries, watch traditional dances,
and purchase authentic handmade jewellery and pottery.
Spanish Colonial Legacy: Founding of Albuquerque
The Spanish influence on Albuquerque's history is profound,
beginning with the arrival of Spanish explorer Francisco Vasquez de Coronado in
1540. However, it was Juan de Oñate who is credited with establishing the city
of Albuquerque in 1706. Oñate's expedition laid the foundation for the city's
Spanish colonial heritage, and he named it in honour of the Duke of
Albuquerque, the viceroy of New Spain.
In Old Town, Spanish colonial architecture reigns supreme.
The San Felipe de Neri Church, built in 1793, stands as one of the oldest
surviving buildings in Albuquerque. Its adobe walls, classic bell tower, and
timeless charm make it a symbol of the city's Spanish legacy. Visitors can
attend mass or simply explore the church's history and architecture.
Trade and Commerce: El Camino Real
Old Town Albuquerque also played a pivotal role in the trade
routes that connected Mexico to the American Southwest. El Camino Real, or
"The Royal Road," was a trade route that extended from Mexico City to
San Juan Pueblo in present-day New Mexico, passing through Albuquerque along
the way.
Merchants from Mexico brought goods such as textiles,
spices, and even wine to trade with the indigenous people and the burgeoning
Spanish settlement. The historic Plaza in Old Town was a hub of commercial
activity, where traders bartered their wares and goods. Today, the Plaza is
surrounded by shops and galleries that continue this tradition, offering an
array of Southwestern and Mexican crafts and souvenirs.
The Santa Fe Trail: Gateway to the West
During the 19th century, the Santa Fe Trail, a vital trade
route between Missouri and Santa Fe, brought a new wave of settlers and
commerce to Albuquerque. The trail passed through the heart of Old Town,
leaving an indelible mark on the town's character and history.
The trail facilitated the exchange of goods, ideas, and
cultures between the United States and Mexico. Many traders, adventurers, and
pioneers passed through Albuquerque, leaving behind their stories and legacies.
The trail's influence can still be felt today, as Old Town retains its distinct
blend of Spanish, Mexican, and Anglo heritage.
American Territorial Period: A Time of Change
The mid-19th century brought significant changes to New
Mexico as it transitioned from Spanish and Mexican rule to American territorial
status. The signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 marked the end
of the Mexican-American War and ceded New Mexico to the United States.
During this period, the American influence began to reshape
Albuquerque. The arrival of the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway in the
late 1800s marked a turning point for the city's economy and transportation.
Old Town Albuquerque played a role in this transformation, as it served as a
transportation hub and a centre for trade and commerce.
Route 66: The Mother Road
In the 20th century, Old Town Albuquerque found itself on
another historic route – Route 66, also known as the "Main Street of
America." The iconic highway, which stretched from Chicago to Los Angeles,
passed right through the heart of Old Town.
During the heyday of Route 66, Old Town's businesses and
motels catered to travellers exploring the scenic byways of the Southwest. The
highway brought a new wave of tourism and commerce to the area, leaving behind
a legacy of mid-century architecture and nostalgia that still resonates with
visitors today.
Preservation and Restoration: Reviving Old Town
Albuquerque
Recognizing the cultural and historical significance of Old
Town, efforts were made in the mid-20th century to preserve and restore the
area. The Old Town Historic District was established in 1968, paving the way
for the restoration of historic buildings, streets, and plazas.
